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- $Unique_ID{BRK00832}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{How Do Laxatives Work and Which Ones Are Safe to Use?}
- $Subject{laxatives laxative safety medication medications colon constipation
- parasite excretion parasites elimination poisons empty bowel classifications
- stimulant saline emollient hyperosmolar bulk forming}
- $Volume{R-12}
- $Log{}
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- Copyright (c) 1991-92,1993 Tribune Media Services, Inc.
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- How Do Laxatives Work and Which Ones Are Safe to Use?
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- QUESTION: It is hard to find good information about laxatives, but when you
- need them they are important. Would you please discuss them in you column,
- and tell us how they work, and which ones are safe to use?
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-
- ANSWER: There are more than 100 different kinds of laxatives available in the
- United States as over-the-counter medications. The purpose of a laxative is
- to relieve common constipation, prevent straining when defecating in the
- postoperative or cardiovascular patient, accelerate the excretion of
- parasites, speed up the elimination of poisons taken either accidentally or
- intentionally, or to help empty the bowel before radiologic or colonoscopic
- tests are performed on a patient. That's an impressive list of good reasons
- to use laxatives.
- Unfortunately, many people abuse them, mistakenly believing that because
- they are over-the-counter preparations, they are harmless. Indeed, American
- spend close to $400 million a year on laxatives.
- There are five different classifications for laxatives. They are:
- stimulant, saline, emollient, hyperosmolar, and bulk forming laxatives. They
- all work by influencing fecal consistency and accelerating the passage of
- feces through the colon to help eliminate the stool from the rectum.
- Stimulant laxatives, such as castor oil, impair water absorption in the
- ileum (the lowest portion of the small intestine) and in turn speeds the
- passage of feces. Five to seven percent of users develop a pink to deep
- purple rash, which may persist for years after use of the drug is
- discontinued. Some people are allergic to stimulant laxatives and may
- experience complications ranging from skin lesions to gastric irritations to
- death. Stimulant laxatives should be used for no longer than a week at a
- time.
- Saline laxatives include such products as magnesium salts, enemas, and
- rectal suppositories containing sodium. The contents of the suppositories
- react to form carbon dioxide and produce the urge to defecate. Up to a fifth
- of the magnesium from the saline laxative may be absorbed and a patient with
- kidney problems should use with caution for side effects may be pronounced and
- dangerous.
- Emollient laxatives, such as mineral oil, soften the stool, and increase
- mucous production. Mineral oil decreases the body's ability to absorb such
- important nutrients as Vitamin A, D and K, and may also impair absorption of
- medications, including oral contraceptives.
- Hyperosmolar laxatives, such as polyethylene glycol and glycerin, are
- mainly used to clean out the bowel before some type of medical testing. They
- may cause side effects, including bloating, nausea, vomiting or local
- irritation.
- Bulk forming laxatives absorb water and increase the bulk of the stool.
- People using them should drink at least 8 ounces of water with each dose.
- Patients with problems of the esophagus, small intestine or colon may develop
- obstructions when using bulk laxatives.
- Clearly, laxatives are not harmless medications. Package directions
- should be followed to the letter, and you might want to consult your doctor
- for a recommendation as to which product is best for you.
- Pregnant or breast-feeding women should definitely speak to their doctors
- before using a laxative.
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-
- The material contained here is "FOR INFORMATION ONLY" and should not replace
- the counsel and advice of your personal physician. Promptly consulting your
- doctor is the best path to a quick and successful resolution of any medical
- problem.
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